Last modified on March 11th, 2022

OSHA Recordkeeping

The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) has played an active role in reducing work-related injuries, illnesses and fatalities through OSHA recordkeeping rules since the early 1970s. As part of its regulatory efforts, OSHA maintains and updates recordkeeping rules that outline employers’ responsibilities following an on-the-job accident. Depending on the industry you’re in and the number of employees on your payroll, you may be required to keep detailed injury and illness records on file. Of course, it can be hard to tell which rules apply to your organization, and whether you need to submit your OSHA forms electronically. To help you remain compliant and create a culture of accountability, we’ve pulled together key insights about OSHA recordkeeping guidelines that every organization should keep in mind.

Before we dive into the specifics, it’s worth noting that OSHA’s recordkeeping rules are designed to help employers recognize workplace hazards and improve their safety programs. While failing to meet OSHA’s standards can result in a citation, the purpose is not to cause disruption or uncertainty – OSHA recordkeeping is about preventing future workplace accidents and driving awareness of specific industry hazards. Instead of treating this process as a burden, employers can (and should) use injury and illness records to create more effective safety policies and protect their workers from known and emerging risks.

OSHA Recordkeeping 101: The Basics

Documenting Work-related Accidents

According to OSHA’s recordkeeping standard (29 CFR Part 1904), organizations in high-risk industries and those that employ more than 10 employees at all times during the calendar year are required to keep detailed records on serious work-related injuries and illnesses for up to five years. However, employers in certain low-risk industries are often exempt from some of the more labor-intensive recordkeeping guidelines and reporting requirements. In terms of criteria, OSHA asks employers to maintain injury and illness records for any workplace accident that leads to:

• Days away from work
• Death
• Loss of consciousness
• Medical treatments beyond first aid
• Restricted work duties or transfer to another job

Even though documenting minor injuries is not part of OSHA’s recordkeeping rules, it can be useful for employers to track these types of incidents for their own benefit. The more you understand the hazards your employees face, the better prepared you’ll be to implement new protections and reduce the risk of future accidents.

Filling out OSHA Forms

OSHA’s recordkeeping rules also include specific guidelines for creating and submitting reports of work-related injuries, illnesses and fatalities. While some of these provisions have been rescinded (more on this later), it’s helpful to understand which OSHA forms are used and how they align with the agency’s long-term goals. In total, there are three different types of OSHA recordkeeping logs that employers must fill out and maintain:

OSHA Form 301: Injury and Illness Incident Report

This form must be completed after a recordable work-related injury or illness has been reported. OSHA Form 301 should include a detailed breakdown of the incident, an explanation of the injury or illness, and important employee or medical information. Employers have 7 calendar days to fill out this form after a work-related incident has occurred, and must keep it in their records for five years.

OSHA Form 300: Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

This form logs details of work-related injuries that occur at a single location (or “establishment”) in a given calendar year. As such, employers must fill out and maintain a separate OSHA Form 300 log for each of their permanent workplaces. These logs should provide details of each work-related injury, including the date it took, details about the injury, the number of missed or restricted work days, number of days away from work, number of job transfer days and other relevant information. Employers have 7 calendar days to log the work related injury from the time they learn of the injury.

OSHA Form 300A: Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

The OSHA Form 300A annual summary is meant to inform your employees as well as OSHA about work-related injuries and illnesses that occurred during the previous reporting calendar year at each business location. This typically includes specific information, such as the total number of recordable injuries/illnesses, days away from work, restricted work days, the types of injuries and illnesses reported and more. Once completed, OSHA Form 300A must be posted at each jobsite so employees can easily access and review past accidents from February 1^st through April 30^th each year proceeding the year for the summary.

Keep in mind, even if you aren’t required to submit these forms directly to OSHA, you still need to complete and retain them for up to five years. Prior to OSHA’s recent recordkeeping updates, employers could face a penalty of $1,000 (per year) that OSHA Form 300 was not properly kept, up to a maximum of $7,000. The same penalty also applied to OSHA Form 301, but the maximum fine was capped at $3,000. Now, employers could face penalties of up to $13,260 for failing to uphold OSHA’s recordkeeping guidelines. For a more comprehensive breakdown of potential enforcement actions, check out OSHA’s recordkeeping handbook.

Submitting OSHA forms

The rules around the electronic submission of OSHA forms have changed dramatically over the past decade. Previously, organizations with 250 or more employees were required to submit OSHA Form 300, 300A and 301 by no later than March 2. However, OSHA’s recent recordkeeping updates have reduced the reporting burden by eliminating certain requirements. The new final rule offers the following guidance:

• Establishments with 250 or more employees: Employers in this category no longer have to submit OSHA Form 300 and 301 electronically, but they’re still required to provide form 300A once per year.
• Establishments with 20 – 249 employees: Organizations in certain high-risk industries are required to submit OSHA Form 300A through the Injury Tracking Application (ITA) each year, but they no longer have to include information from forms 300 or 301.
• Establishments with fewer than 20 employees: Smaller employers that fall into this group are not required to submit any information electronically, but they still need to maintain all relevant logs and be able to produce them upon request or during an on-site OSHA inspection.

For more information on OSHA’s recordkeeping rule updates, check out this informative blog article from FFVA Mutual.

Building a Culture of Safety

Although it can be challenging to keep up with OSHA’s shifting recordkeeping guidelines, there are plenty of resources that can help you stay one step ahead. For example, OSHA offers a publicly available training course that outlines best practices for documenting work-related accidents, filling out forms and maintaining records. That said, the best way to stay compliant is to collaborate with your workers’ comp provider to ensure your recordkeeping policies and procedures are up to par.

FFVA Mutual offers a variety of services, training and resources at no additional cost to our policyholders. To learn more about our online and in-person training courses, including 10-hour OSHA training, visit our safety training course page.